Browse Alphabetically
A
ABI
Application Binary Interface is represented in JSON format and specifies how to encode and decode data from a particular smart contract.
Address
A unique set of alphanumeric characters that can send and receive cryptocurrency and NFTs on a blockchain.
Adoption Rate
The percentage of users who start using a product or feature over time.
Airdrops
Airdrops are used to distribute new or existing tokens to many wallet addresses, often as part of a promotional campaign or as a reward to early adopters.
Altcoin
Altcoin used to refer to any cryptocurrency that wasn’t Bitcoin, now it may refer to any new cryptocurrency with a relatively small market cap.
Analytics
The process of collecting, measuring, and analyzing data to gain insights and improve decision-making.
Anonymous Surveys
Surveys that do not collect personally identifiable information. In Web3, they're often used to encourage honest feedback from pseudonymous or web3 users.
Arbitrum
A layer-2 network created by Offchain Labs that solves Ethereum's scalability issues. Some of its advantages are low fees and EVM compatibility.
Avalanche
A layer 1 blockchain founded in 2020 that is built on Proof of Stake (PoS). It's a native token called AVAX. Its network includes Mainnet and Fuji.
Average Session Time
How long a user spends on your site or dapp.
Average Revenue Per User (ARPU)
How much revenue you’ve made from your site or dapp.
ATH
All-time high (record for the highest sale price of a token)
ATL
All-time low (record for the lowest sale price of a token)
Authentication
Using digital signatures to prove the authenticity, validity, or identity of information and its sources. One of the main value propositions of cryptography.
B
Base
An Ethereum-based Layer 2 blockchain built by Coinbase that capitalizes on the benefits of the OP Stack from Optimism.
Bear Market
A prolonged period of decline in a financial market.
Behavioral Analytics
The study of user actions within a product to understand engagement and improve experiences.
Bitcoin
The first ever cryptocurrency on a Proof of Work (PoW) blockchain, which was created in 2009 by Satoshi Nakamoto (a pseudonymous person.)
Blast
An Ethereum L2 platform created by the same team behind Blur NFT Marketplace. It rewards users and contributors with native yields in ETH, USDC, USDT, and DAI.
Block
A batch of transactions is written to the blockchain. Every block contains information about the previous block, thus chaining them together.
Blockchain
A publicly accessible digital ledger is used to store and transfer information without the need for a central authority. Blockchains are the core technology on which cryptocurrency protocols like Bitcoin and Ethereum are built.
BNB Chain
One of the most popular programmable blockchains and smart contract platforms. BNB Chain comprises BNB Beacon Chain (formerly Binance Chain) and BNB Smart Chain (formerly Binance Smart Chain).
Bounce Rate
The bounce rate is the relative number of visitors who have left the site after a single page view, compared to the total number of unique visitors.
Bridge
A bridge allows assets such as tokens or NFTs from different blockchain networks to be transferred or “bridged” between each other.
Browsers
Browser is the statistics of the browser used by the visitor. It is extracted from the User-Agent and Client Hints HTTP headers.
BUIDL
A term derived from the word "Build," which is similar to the term "HODL," and refers to building and contributing to the blockchain and cryptocurrency ecosystem.
Burn
“Burning” is the process of destroying and removing tokens or NFTs from circulation. Burning is the opposite of minting.
Bytecode
Instructions or codes are expressed in a numeric format so that a virtual machine can efficiently interpret them.
C
CeFi
Centralized Finance: Centralized businesses that participate in crypto. (i.e. BlockFi, DCG, Grayscale)
Centralized
A hierarchical structure in which authority and control are concentrated within a small group of decision-makers.
CEX
Centralized Exchange: A cryptocurrency exchange is managed by a centralized business or entity. (i.e. Coinbase, Gemini, Kraken)
Chain Id
How many users are using a particular chain such as Ethereum, Polygon, etc.
Churn Rate
The percentage of customers who stop using your service or product over a predetermined period.
Cookies
Small data files stored on a user’s device by a website to remember preferences, login details, and track browsing activity.
Coin
A cryptocurrency built on its native blockchain is intended to be used as a store of value and a medium of exchange within that ecosystem. (i.e. BTC, ETH)
Consensus
When numerous nodes—usually most nodes on the network—all have the same blocks in their locally validated best blockchain, they have achieved consensus.
Contract
A contract is an account that contains and is controlled by EVM code. Contracts cannot be controlled by private keys directly unless built into the EVM code, a contract has no owner once released.
Conversion Funnel
The path users take from awareness to completing a desired action (e.g., purchase, signup).
Conversion Rate
The percentage of users who complete a specific action out of the total visitors.
Countries
Countries are the statistics for the country of origin of the visitors.
Current Visitors
How many unique visitors are currently interacting with your site or dapp.
Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC)
How much you’ve spent to acquire a customer.
Customer Lifetime Value (CLTV)
CLV estimates the total revenue a user generates over their entire engagement with your dapp.
Customer Journey Analytics
Analyzing each stage of a user's interaction with a Web3 product (from wallet acquisition to product engagement) to improve the overall user experience and retention.
Cryptocurrency
One use of blockchain networks, the most well-known of which is Bitcoin. Many industry practitioners prefer the term “tokens” because it more aptly communicates the abstract, generalizable nature of the technology.
Cryptography
The practice/method of exchanging secure and encrypted messages between two or more parties.
Customer Experience (CX)
The overall perception and interaction a customer has with a brand or product.
D
DAO
Decentralized Autonomous Organization: A self-governing, blockchain-based community that uses self-executing code, token voting, or some other programmatic mechanism for coordination.
DApp
Decentralized Application: An application built on open-source code that lives on the blockchain. Dapps exist independent of centralized groups or figures and often incentivize users to maintain them through rewarded tokens.
DeFi
Decentralized Finance: A category of blockchain-based financial applications and infrastructure that is designed to replace financial intermediaries with software.
Decentralization
A system that operates without the control of a central figure or authority, and replaces it with a distributed peer-to-peer network.
Devices
How many users are using a particular device such as desktop, mobile, tablet, etc.
DEX
Decentralized exchange: A platform where various cryptocurrencies can be swapped, traded, and added to liquidity pools. A DEX is run by smart contracts and not controlled by a single business entity, group, or individual.
e
EIPs
Ethereum Improvement Proposals describe standards for the Ethereum platform, including core protocol specifications, client APIs, and contract standards.
ERC
Ethereum Request for Comments: An application-level standard for Ethereum (i.e. ERC-20 is a common protocol for deploying fungible tokens on Ethereum).
ERC20
The Ethereum token standard, providing a standardized smart contract structure for fungible tokens.
ERC721
An Ethereum token standard that allows for the formation of unique tokens, otherwise known as NFTs. Unlike ERC-20, ERC-721 tokens have specific properties that allow each to be uniquely identified and valued independently of one another.
Ether
The primary internal cryptographic token of the Ethereum network. Ether is used to pay transaction and computation fees for Ethereum transactions.
Ethereum
A public blockchain serving as the foundation for decentralized applications. Ethereum is a complete language, that allows users to write and deploy complex, self-executing smart contracts that live on the blockchain.
Externally Owned Account
An account controlled by a private key. Externally owned accounts cannot contain EVM code
f
Farcaster
A protocol for developing decentralized social network applications built on Optimism, which is a layer-two scaling solution for Ethereum.
Faucets
Sources of token supply and a tool for keeping prices balanced in a virtual economy. Airdrops and DAO Treasury distributions are two common types of faucets.
Fiat
Fiat money is a type of money that is not backed by any commodity, such as gold or silver, and is typically declared by a decree from the government to be legal tender.
Fork
A fork occurs when a blockchain splits into two different branches. There can be many reasons for a fork (usually upgrades), and the community usually votes on the decision to fork a network.
Fractionalization
The process of subdividing an asset into multiple pieces. Commonly used for dividing a single non-fungible token into many fungible tokens.
G
Gas
The cost of completing a transaction on a blockchain network. On Ethereum, for example, gas transaction costs are a small fraction of Ethereum’s native token, ETH.
GM
Good morning - a friendly greeting in the crypto community for a pleasant morning and a great day ahead, often used on platforms like Twitter and Discord.
Go-to-Market (GTM) Strategy
A plan for launching a product and reaching target customers effectively.
Gwei
A gwei is one billionth of an ETH, the native token of the Ethereum blockchain.
H
Hackathon/Hacker House
In-person meetings of developers and other community members to work collaboratively to solve one or more common objectives.
Hash
A unique, fixed-length cryptographic code, or identifier, representing a piece of data. Hashes are essential to modern cryptography and blockchain networks, which use them to ensure digital security and data integrity.
Hardware Wallet (Cold Wallet)
A physical device that stores cryptocurrency private keys offline, making them less vulnerable to hacking than software wallets (Hot wallet)
HD Wallet
A wallet using the hierarchical deterministic (HD) key creation and transfer protocol (BIP-32)
I
Impermanent Loss
Impermanent loss happens when you provide liquidity to a liquidity pool, and the price of your deposited assets changes compared to when you deposited them.
Internal Transactions
Internal transactions are transactions that occur between smart contracts. This can also include transactions from a smart contract to an external address when sending ETH to a user.
IP addresses
A unique numerical label assigned to a device connected to the internet, used for identifying location and network access.
IPFS
InterPlanetary File System: A protocol, network, and open-source project designed to create a content-addressable, peer-to-peer method of storing and sharing hypermedia in a distributed filesystem.
K
Killer App
A software application that is so compelling it drives the adoption of a new technology or platform. Often, killer apps exploit a new technology or platform’s unique capabilities.
L
Layer 1 (L1)
A main network that refers to a blockchain that defines protocol rules (i.e. Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana).
Layer 2 (L2)
A program or technology that exists on top of a Layer 1 blockchain, often created to accomplish something that may not be easily achievable by its parent Layer 1 (i.e. increase speed or functionality).
Light Client
A blockchain client that does not store the entire blockchain. Instead, the light client relies on other nodes in the network to provide the necessary information.
Light Nodes
Do not have the entirety of the current blockchain state and depend on a full node, which is useful for low-memory and computational devices.
Liquidity
A measure for how easily an asset can be converted to another (usually cash but also common for Layer 1 tokens)
Liquidity Pool
A liquidity pool is a pool of cryptocurrencies available to trade on a decentralized exchange (DEX). Pools are usually composed of assets deposited by users, which can be traded with other assets in the pool through smart contracts.
M
Mantle
A layer-2 network designed with a modular architecture, low fees, and high security to enhance the scalability and functionality of decentralized applications (dApps) built on Ethereum.
Mainnet
The production version of a blockchain network where transactions and other operations are recorded and processed. It is a blockchain protocol’s primary and original network, as opposed to a testnet.
Marketing Qualified Lead (MQL)
A prospect identified as more likely to become a customer based on engagement.
MAU / WAU / DAU
Monthly / Weekly / Daily Active Users. Standard metrics adapted for Web3, measuring how many unique wallets interact with a product over specific timeframes.
Mint
The act of creating new tokens or NFTs onto a blockchain.
N
NFTs
Non-fungible Tokens: meaning each token is unique and not interchangeable with any other. Applications include representing ownership of physical goods, digital media, intellectual property, royalty rights, in-game items, or network identifiers akin to DNS names.
Nodes
A server or computer running blockchain-specific software used for connecting to and interacting with that blockchain.
Nonce
In cryptocurrency mining, a nonce is a number added to a block header to produce a hash that meets a specific difficulty target and allows the block to be added to the blockchain.
O
Off-chain
This means a coalition of community members steers it like protocol networks
On-chain
This means through mechanisms such as token voting, self-executing code, or a combination.
Onboarding
The process of guiding new users to understand and use a product effectively.
Oracles
A service supplying smart contracts with data from the outside world. Smart contracts are unable to access data that exists off-chain, so they rely on oracles to retrieve, verify, and provide external information. (i.e. Chainlink, Band Protocol)
Optimism
The Optimism network is a layer-2 scaling solution for Ethereum, that uses “optimistic rollup” technology to allow faster and cheaper transactions off-chain, while still being secured by the underlying Ethereum blockchain.
P
Page Views
How many times a page has been viewed across your site or dapp.
P2E
Play-to-earn (“P2E”) games allow players to acquire in-game assets, items, or currencies. These assets can be used in other games or sold on secondary markets for real money.
PFP
An NFT used as a profile picture (PFP). Popular NFT PFPs include Bored Apes and Crypto Punks.
Polygon
The Polygon network is a layer-2 scaling solution for Ethereum that uses a system of interconnected Ethereum sidechains to facilitate faster, cheaper transactions and lower gas fees.
PoH
Proof of History: A consensus mechanism that relies on an internal clock to track the passage of time
PoS
Proof of stake: A cryptocurrency consensus mechanism for processing transactions and creating new blocks in a blockchain.
PoW
Proof of work: is a consensus mechanism by which a blockchain network achieves distributed consensus by choosing the next block producer (miner) via a computational race. The miner who solves a cryptographic puzzle the fastest gets to add the next block to the chain and is rewarded for their work in cryptocurrency.
Private (Secret) Key
The secret value that allows Ethereum users to prove ownership of an account or contract, by producing a digital signature.
Product Engagement Metrics
Data points that show how users interact with a product's features, such as frequency of use, depth of engagement, and repeated actions.
Protocol
The foundational software layer of a program. Protocol has become a general term used to refer to both layer 1 blockchain networks and the layer 2 applications built on top of them - Bitcoin, Ethereum, Uniswap, and Lightning Network can all be considered protocols.
Protocol Networks
The original internet network type, exemplified by email and the web, is known more technically as the protocols SMTP and HTTP. Protocol networks are open, permissionless systems that are controlled by communities of software developers and other network stakeholders.
Product Analytics
The use of data to understand product performance and user behavior.
Product-Led Growth (PLG)
A strategy where the product itself drives user acquisition and retention.
Product Management
The discipline of guiding a product's development, launch, and lifecycle.
Product Roadmap
A strategic plan outlining the future development of a product.
Product Strategy
A high-level plan defining how a product will meet business and user needs.
Public Key Encryption
A special kind of encryption where there is a process for generating two keys at the same time (typically called a private key and a public key), such that documents encrypted using one key can be decrypted with the other.
R
Referrals
How many users are referred to your site or dapp by a particular user. We use the referral and ref query parameters to track referrals.
Referrers / Sources
How many users are referred to your site or dapp by a particular source such as a search engines, social media platform, etc.
Referrers are the statistics for the referring site. The data is extracted from the Referers (with a r) HTTP header and may not be set by the browser. In these cases it will be listed as unknown.
Retention Rate
The percentage of customers who continue to use your service or product over a predetermined period.
Reward
An amount of ether is included in each new block as a reward by the network to the miner who found the proof-of-work solution.
Rollup
A scaling solution that aims to improve transaction throughput and decrease fees by batching multiple transactions off-chain and then submitting them to the main chain as a single transaction. (i.e. Optimism, ZK, Arbitrum)
RPC
Remote Procedure Call, which is a protocol that allows programs to execute procedures or functions on a remote server as if they were local.
Rug Pull
A scam maneuver where a crypto project takes the invested funds and runs. A rug pull can also occur for assets with centralized ownership. If someone can sell a large portion of the circulating supply at once, this rapidly increases the supply, which can cause the price of the asset to plummet.
S
Scalability
A protocol’s capacity to handle higher demand and increase transaction throughput as the network grows.
S-curve
A growth-over-time chart that many new technologies follow as they go from minimal to mainstream adoption. It resembles the letter “S”.
Seed Phrase
A string of words used as a master password to access a crypto wallet. Because a single wallet can contain multiple accounts, all with their own private keys, a seed phrase makes it easy to access them all with the same password.
Self-executing
Self-executing means it can function by itself, not controlled by any other party. Self-executing smart contracts would cut costs/overhead by removing the need for an arbitrator and trusting a third party.
Sessions
A session (also known as a visit) is a set of actions that a user takes on your site. Each session is a 24 hour window. If a visitor returns after this window, a new session is counted.
Sidechain
A parallel blockchain used to offload transactions from the main chain to increase scalability or add other functionality. Sidechains are connected to their main chain, or parent chain, via a two-way link, which allows data and assets to be seamlessly transferred. (i.e. Matic, Dai)
Signing
“Signing” in Web3 is the process of creating a digital signature using a combination of your wallet’s private keys, cryptography, and encryption. When you sign anything using your wallet, the receiving address (or “signee”) decrypts and verifies that the request was sent by your private key and completes the transaction.
Sharding
A method of separating a network’s nodes into smaller groups (shards) in an attempt to increase scalability. These shards are then able to reach consensus on behalf of the entire network, removing the need for every node to process every transaction.
Slashing
A punishment that confiscates a validator’s staked collateral in some proof of stake blockchain networks, like Ethereum. Slashing can occur if a validator gets caught lying, such as by voting for contradictory state transitions or proposing multiple conflicting state transitions simultaneously.
Slippage
Self-executing code deployed on a blockchain. Smart contracts allow transactions to be made without an intermediary figure and without the parties involved having to trust one another.
Smart Contract
The act of heavily promoting a cryptocurrency, stock, or other asset to increase adoption and, in turn, raise its price. This is usually done via spamming on social media and generally carries a negative connotation.
Solidity
The native programming language of Ethereum, mainly used to write smart contracts.
Stablecoins
Tokens designed to maintain a stable price. These can be pegged to currencies, like the U.S. dollar, or regulated algorithmically by automated market-making processes.
Staking
The process by which validators lock tokens in code-enforced escrow accounts to help secure a proof of stake blockchain network. Staking is a kind of “security” sink-in that takes tokens out of circulation.
State Transition
The essence of computation. A state transition is what happens when a machine modifies its internal state, or memory, according to the logic of a processor. Blockchains are virtual computers that undergo state transitions according to their consensus mechanisms.
Storage
A key/value database contained in each account, where keys and values are both 32-byte strings but can otherwise contain anything.
Sui
A PoS-based Layer 1 blockchain designed to provide instant settlement and high throughput for latency-sensitive decentralized applications.
T
Take Rate
The percentage of revenue passing through a network that is claimed by the network owner rather than by network participants. Protocol and blockchain networks feature persistently low or no take rates, while corporate networks tend to have high ones.
Testnet
Short for "test network," a network used to simulate the behavior of the main Ethereum network.
Tokens
Units of ownership in blockchain networks. Often thought of as digital assets or currencies, but more accurately defined as data structures that can track quantities, permissions, and other metadata for users. Tokens can be fungible, like bitcoin, or non-fungible, like NFTs.
Tokenomics
Short for “token economics," a field concerning the design of incentive systems for virtual economies, as in blockchain networks. Healthy systems should balance sources of market supply and demand — such as faucets and sinks, to maintain equilibrium.
Transaction
A transaction is a digitally signed message authorizing some particular action associated with the blockchain. In a currency, the dominant transaction type is sending currency units or tokens to someone else.
Trustlessness
The state of a system in which there’s no need for a higher authority, such as an intermediary or central entity, to oversee transactions. Instead, trustless systems, like blockchain networks, can securely verify the validity of transactions all by themselves using cryptography and consensus mechanisms.
U
Unique Active Wallets
How many unique wallets are actively interacting with your site or dapp.
User Agent
User agents are the identifiers of the browser and device of the visitor. Browsers or devices identify themselves to websites.
User Behavior Analytics
Insights into how users interact with a product, helping optimize UX and retention.
User Engagement
The level of interaction users have with a product over time.
User ID
A unique identifier assigned to each user in a system.
User Persona
A representation of a target user based on research.
User Segmentation
Dividing users into groups based on characteristics or behavior.
User Stories
Short descriptions of features from a user’s perspective in product development.
Utility
The usefulness of something. Often used to describe the functionality of a token, app, or protocol.
UTM parameters
How many users come to your site or dapp from a particular source. We track these UTM codes:
utm_source(e.g.: google.com)utm_medium(e.g.: search)utm_campaign(e.g.: summer_sale)utm_contentutm_term
V
Validator
Computers that maintain the security of a blockchain network by verifying the validity of proposed transactions. Validators reach an agreement on state transitions according to the rules prescribed by their consensus mechanisms.
Visitors
How many unique visitors are interacting with your site or dapp across multiple page views and events. A visitor is only counted once within a 24 hour window. The 24 hour limit is necessary to comply with GDPR.
W
Wallets
Software based on cryptographic key pairs that enable blockchain network interactions, such as holding and controlling tokens. In blockchain networks, wallets play a role akin to the role web browsers play for web users.
Wallet Address
Also known as a public key, this is an alphanumeric code that serves as the address for a blockchain wallet, similar to a bank account number. Other users can send digital assets to your wallet via your public key, but only you can access your wallet’s contents by using the corresponding private key.
Formo uses the wallet address as a persistent identifier for a visitor where available.
Wallet Analytics
The analysis of wallet data (web3 user profile) including transaction history, token holdings, dapp activity, and behavior across blockchains.
Wallet Connects
How many users have connected their crypto wallets to your dapp.
Wallet Labels
Labels are assigned to a wallet address based on its past onchain activity and public information offchain.
Wallet Profiles
Wallet profiles are a collection of onchain and offchain data about a wallet.
Wallet Type
How many users are using a particular wallet type such as MetaMask, Rainbow Wallet, etc.
Wallet Reputation Score
A score that indicates the quality and intent of a wallet address.
Website Analytics
The collection and analysis of website traffic and user behavior data.
Web2
Another name for the second phase of the commercial internet, circa 2006–2020. Also known as the read-write era.
Web3
Another name for the third phase of the commercial internet, circa the present day. Powered by blockchain networks, it is also known as the read-write own era.
Web3 Analytics
A comprehensive approach to tracking, measuring, and interpreting both onchain and offchain data to understand wallet behaviors, product performance, and business outcomes.
Web3 Behavioral Analytics
Analyzing specific web3 user behaviors within a dapp, such as staking, clicking, or minting to uncover usage patterns and optimize UX.
Web3 Cohort Analysis
Segment wallets by shared characteristics (e.g., network, signup date, minting period) to track behavior and engagement trends over time.
Web3 Customer Health Scores
A score that reflects the activity level and engagement of a wallet, helping teams identify loyal users vs. those at risk of churning.
Web3 Customer Personas
Data-informed profiles of ideal Web3 users, created using wallet behavior, token ownership, transaction history, and platform preferences.
Web3 Funnel Analytics
Analyzing the conversion path of a wallet to reduce drop-offs and optimize flows.
Web3 Growth Analytics
Tracking growth metrics such as new wallet acquisition, retention, activation rate, and revenue per wallet to inform go-to-market strategies.
Web3 Marketing Attribution Analytics
Assigning wallet activity (e.g., sign-ups, mints, transactions) to specific marketing efforts to understand which campaigns drive results.
Web3 Product Analytics
Insights into how users interact with a Web3 product, including metrics such as active wallets, feature usage, and drop-off points.
Web3 Product Metrics
Key performance indicators (KPIs) that track product success in Web3, such as retention rate, onchain activation, time to first transaction, and revenue per wallet.
Web3 Social Data
Public or permissioned user data from decentralized social platforms such as Lens or Farcaster, used for persona building or community targeting.
Web3 Startup Analytics
Tailored analytics for early-stage Web3 projects to measure product-market fit, traction, user behavior, and feedback loops.
Web3 User Analytics
Tracking wallet activity across time and chains to understand engagement, lifecycle stage, and cohort behavior.
Web3 User Lifecycle
The full journey of a Web3 user/wallet, from discovery and acquisition to engagement, monetization, and retention.
Web3 User Profiles
Comprehensive profiles built from onchain and offchain wallet data that include behavior, token holdings, dapp interactions, and preferences.
Web3 User Segmentation
Segment web3 users into meaningful groups based on attributes such as transaction frequency, token ownership, or product engagement.
Whale
An individual or organization that holds a large amount of cryptocurrency. Whales often significantly influence the market due to their ability to buy or sell large amounts of cryptocurrency at once, potentially causing large price movements.
Whitelist
A list of pre-approved individuals or entities allowed to participate in an exclusive early access activity, such as airdrop or token sale.
Z
Zero Address
A special Ethereum address, composed entirely of zeros, is specified as the destination address of a contract creation transaction.
Zero-knowledge Proofs
A method in cryptography where one party can prove a statement's truth without revealing any additional information.
Zero-Party Data
Data willingly shared by users (e.g., through surveys, polls, or onboarding forms), as opposed to inferred or tracked data—highly valuable for personalization and trust.
zkSync Era
A specific network within the zkSync ecosystem that operates as a Layer-2 scaling solution for Ethereum.
